The hierarchical, decentralized database that translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1).
Cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network. TLS is the modern successor to SSL, encrypting data between client and server.
A platform designed to build, ship, and run applications inside isolated lightweight environments called containers, resolving the "works on my machine" problem.
A high-performance web server, reverse proxy, and load balancer. Commonly used as the frontend gateway to distribute client traffic to backend app processes.
A server that sits in front of backend applications and forwards client requests to those applications. Used for security, SSL termination, and load balancing.
Continuous Integration (CI) automates the testing and building of code. Continuous Deployment (CD) automates the shipping of build artifacts to production servers.
An authentication layer on top of OAuth 2.0. In CI/CD, it allows tools like GitHub Actions to request short-lived temporary AWS credentials without storing long-lived access keys.
A global network provider offering DNS, CDN caching, Web Application Firewall (WAF), and DDoS protection. It sits as a proxy between clients and web hosts.
A specialized firewall that monitors, filters, and blocks HTTP traffic to and from a web application, protecting against attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
Optimizations made to a website's infrastructure to help search engine crawlers find, parse, and index pages more efficiently.
Google's standardized metrics for measuring user experience: LCP (loading speed), CLS (visual stability), and INP (responsiveness to user inputs).
A Core Web Vital metric measuring when the largest text block or image on a page becomes visible to the user during load. Good is under 2.5 seconds.
A Core Web Vital metric measuring how much elements shift around while a page is rendering. Lower layout shift is better. Good is under 0.1.
A Core Web Vital metric measuring the latency of all user interactions (clicks, taps, keyboard inputs) on a page. Good is under 200 milliseconds.
An application monitoring platform that captures unhandled exceptions and crashes in real time, providing developers with detailed stack traces and user context.
The process of periodically pinging an endpoint (typically /health) to ensure the system is operational and responding to HTTP requests.
A standard awareness document for developers representing a broad consensus on the most critical security risks to web applications.
A mechanism that uses additional HTTP headers to tell browsers to give a web application running at one origin permission to access selected resources from a different origin.
An HTTP header that allows site operators to restrict the resources (such as JavaScript, CSS, Images) that the browser is allowed to load for a given page, mitigating XSS.
Email authentication standards that prove an email is actually sent by the owner of the sending domain, preventing spoofing and ensuring inbox deliverability.
An open-source, in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine.
An open-source message broker that supports multiple messaging protocols, commonly used to process background jobs asynchronously.